The Three Jewels

The Three Jewels are :

1) Buddha
The Buddha nature — the ideal or the highest spiritual potential that exists within all beings.

2) Dharma
The teachings of the Buddha.

3) Sangha 
The community of those who have attained enlightenment, who may help a practicing Buddhist to do the same. Also used more broadly to refer to the community of practicing Buddhists.

三宝

三宝指的是佛、法、僧。

佛教三宝曰:佛宝、法宝、僧宝。一切之佛,即佛宝;佛所说之法,即法宝;奉行佛所说之法的人,即僧宝。佛者觉知之义,法者法轨之义,僧者和合之义。

1) 佛宝
是指已修行而至福德、智慧圆满究竟的人。任何众生都有成佛的可能,所以,过去、未来、现在的三世十方诸佛,都是我们皈敬的对象。

2) 法宝
是指修行成佛的方法和道理,教导我们如何修行而且必须修行的依准。


3) 僧宝
是指正在修学佛法,并且协助他人修学佛法,护持众生修学佛法的人,这包括菩萨、罗汉以及凡夫僧尼合众等。

四圣谛

四圣谛:苦、集、灭、道。

四谛概括了两重因果关系:

集是因,苦是果,是迷界的因果;
道是因,灭是果,是悟界的因果。

这是从表面现象到深层原因的逆推过程。

如要简单解说:

苦是世间的苦果,是往昔的果报;
集是往昔的造作,是今生的苦因;
灭是苦果和苦因的止息,是烦恼的断除;
道是断烦恼的方法。

(1) 苦谛:

根据对现实的深刻观察,佛总结出人生的八大痛苦:(1)生、(2)老、(3)病、(4)死、(5)爱别离、(6)怨憎会、(7)求不得、(8)五蕴炽盛。

五阴就是色、受、想、行、识。因能遮蔽心性,如乌云蔽日,故曰阴;因这五者都是种种因缘和合蕴集而现起的暂时的假相,故亦曰五蕴。

(2) 集谛:

有招集、集聚之义。集是苦的因,主要根源是「无明」三根:贪、嗔、疑.今生的苦报,是由于过去所种的集因,集合过去的善业、恶业,而有今生的善报、恶报。

(3) 灭谛:

是指一切行人,经修道后,所证得的寂灭境界;此境界永恒净乐,亦称为「涅盘」。
灭即是再也不生了,把自我彻底消灭,所以再也不会轮回.

(4) 道谛:

即指一切行者趣向涅盘时,所修的正道.「道」略言为八正道,广言为三十七助道品,此皆三乘所共学,是佛法的根本。修道是因,涅盘是果,依此正道修行,必能证得涅盘妙果。

Whose Anger Was It?

A woman wanted to know how to deal with anger. I asked when anger arose whose anger it was. She said it was hers. Well, if it really was her anger, then she should be able to tell it to go away, shouldn't she? But it really isn't hers to command. Holding on to anger as a personal possession will cause suffering. If anger really belonged to us, it would have to obey us. If it doesn't obey us, that means it's only a deception. Don't fall for it. Whenever the mind is happy or sad, don't fall for it. It's all a deception.

by Ajahn Chah

Dealing With Problems

Considering our previous life's karma is involved can be very helpful, too. Especially when somebody criticizes us and we feel, "I really didn't do anything." It's helpful to think, "Well, maybe in previous lives, I criticized somebody."

Look at us! We've all hurt others' feelings. We've all criticized others. We've lied. We've stolen. Ten non-virtuous acts? We've all done them! We know everything about each other. We've all done this - in previous lives especially, we've had lots of time for training in non-virtue. No, not so much training for virtue in previous lives… otherwise, we wouldn't be here. You know? Very good practice in non-virtue. So, of course, this lifetime we have some problems. It's no big surprise. Is it? It's really no big surprise.

I find this way of thinking very, very helpful for situations when I feel I had no intention of starting a conflict, and yet here's this whole horrible thing happening. If I think, obviously, in previous lives I did something, and here it is, and it's ripening, then I accept it.

I accept it. It's ripening. I got myself into this situation. Now, my job is to ensure I don't create more negative karma. Because clearly the problem now is due to a previous life's karma. So, at least let's not create more negative karma, and we can avoid perpetuating the same thing again.

But, what often happens, how do we react when we have a problem? We get angry, don't we? Or, we get very attached. We have a problem, so we cling to something because we feel insecure. Or, we want to strike back at whatever is causing our problem. Yet, when we react to problems with clinging, or anger, what we do is create karmic imprints for problems in future lives. And we continue the cycle.

Personally, I find it helpful to think, "Okay. This is a result of my previous life karma. No sense getting attached. No sense getting angry. Here it is. It's happening, folks. I just have to live through it. I must do as best I can to make the best of this situation."

by Thubten Chodron

Karma

If you want to know what kind of life you led in your past life,
look at your present life.
If you want to know what kind of life you will have in your next life,
look at your present life.

The Five Precepts


The Five Precepts are the basic precepts for lay Buddhists.

1. Not killing
2. Not stealing
3. Not misusing sex
4. Not lying
5. Not abusing intoxicants

忏悔文


往昔所造诸恶业
皆由无始贪瞋痴
从身语意之所生
一切我今皆忏悔.

Complaining

Complaining is finding faults, wisdom is finding solutions.

by Ajahn Brahm

Merit

It is our custom to say that someone is "lucky" or "unlucky" if they meet with fortunate or unfortunate circumstances, respectively. It is, however, too simplistic to think in terms of random "luck." Even from a scientific point of view, this is not a sufficient explanation.

Should something unfortunate happen, we immediately think, "Oh, how unlucky!" And yet this is not sufficient to explain what happened- there must be a cause. We seem to call "luck" that factor which overrides external conditions to bring about a positive situation. But that too is a cause; it is an inner cause, which we call "merit".

by Dalai Lama

The Greatest


The greatest achievement is selflessness.
The greatest worth is self-mastery.
The greatest quality is seeking to serve others.
The greatest precept is continual awareness.
The greatest medicine is the emptiness of everything.
The greatest action is not conforming with the worlds ways.
The greatest magic is transmuting the passions.
The greatest generosity is non-attachment.
The greatest goodness is a peaceful mind.
The greatest patience is humility.
The greatest effort is not concerned with results.
The greatest meditation is a mind that lets go.
The greatest wisdom is seeing through appearances.

by Atisha

The Most Difficult Times

The most difficult times for many of us are the ones we give ourselves.

by Pema Chodron

三寶

三寶 : 佛, 法, 僧

Refuge in the Three Jewels

To become a Buddhist is to take refuge in the Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures.

The Three Jewels are the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.

Ch'an Master Sheng-Yen said, "The genuine Three Jewels, in essence, are none other than the enlightened Buddha nature that is already inside you."

"Taking refuge in the Buddha, we learn to transform anger into compassion; taking refuge in the Dharma, we learn to transform delusion into wisdom; taking refuge in the Sangha, we learn to transform desire into generosity."

1) I Take Refuge in the Buddha
Bikkhu Bodhi wrote that taking refuge in the Buddha is not merely taking refuge in his "concrete particularity. ... When we go for refuge to the Buddha we resort to him as the supreme embodiment of purity, wisdom and compassion, the peerless teacher who can guide us to safety out of the perilous ocean of samsara."

In Mahayana Buddhism, while "Buddha" may refer to the historical Buddha, called Shakyamuni Buddha, "Buddha" also refers to "Buddha-nature," the absolute, unconditioned nature of all things. While "Buddha" may be a person who has awakened to enlightenment, "Buddha" might also refer to enlightenment itself (Bodhi).

2) I Take Refuge in the Dharma
Studying the Buddha's teachings -- one definition of dharma -- is important, but to take refuge in the Dharma is much more than just trust and acceptance of teachings.

It's also trusting your practice of Buddhism, whether regular meditation and regular chanting. It's about trusting mindfulness, the present moment, right here, not putting faith in something far away.

Robert Thurman said,"Dharma is our own reality that we seek to understand fully, to open to fully. Dharma, therefore, also consists of those methods and the teaching of those methods that are the arts and sciences which enable us to open ourselves. The practices that we do, which will open us, which follow those teachings, which implement them in our lives, in our practice, and in our performance, which deploy those arts-they are also Dharma."

3) I Take Refuge in the Sangha
The importance of sangha cannot be overestimated. Trying to achieve enlightenment by yourself and only for yourself is like trying to walk uphill during a mudslide.

Opening yourself to others, supporting and being supported, is critical to loosening the fetters of ego and selfishness.

"The sangha is the community of people who have the perfect right to cut through your trips and feed you with their wisdom, as well as the perfect right to demonstrate their own neurosis and be seen through by you. The companionship within the Sangha is a kind of clean friendship-—without expectation, without demand, but at the same time, fulfilling."

By taking refuge in the Sangha, we become the refuge. This is the path of the Buddhas.

方知梦里人

一旦无常至
方知梦里人
万般带不去
惟有业随身。

Awareness Within

Don’t think that only sitting with the eyes closed is practice. If you do think this way, then quickly change your thinking. Steady practice is keeping mindful in every posture, whether sitting, walking, standing or lying down. When coming out of sitting, don’t think that you’re coming out of meditation, but that you are only changing postures. If you reflect in this way, you will have peace. Wherever you are, you will have this attitude of practice with you constantly. You will have a steady awareness within yourself.

by Ajahn Chah

The Eightfold Path



The Eightfold Path is divided into three main sections: (1) wisdom, (2) ethical conduct and (3) mental discipline.

1) Wisdom / Panna
Right View and Right Intention are the wisdom path.

Right View is not about believing in doctrine, but in perceiving the true nature of ourselves and the world around us.

Right Intention refers to the energy and commitment one needs to be fully engaged in Buddhist practice.

2) Ethical Conduct / Sila
Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood are the ethical conduct path.

This calls us to take care in our speech, our actions, and our daily lives to do no harm to others and to cultivate wholesomeness in ourselves.

This part of the path ties into the Precepts.

3) Mental Discipline / Samadhi
Through Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration, we develop the mental discipline to cut through delusion.

Many schools of Buddhism encourage seekers to meditate to achieve clarity and focus of the mind.

Making a Fool of Ourselves

Sometimes we are anxious and nervous before going into a new situation. Afraid that we will make fools out of ourselves, we think, "I may do something wrong, I'll look like a jerk, and everybody will laugh at me or think badly of me."

In these cases, I find it helpful to say to myself: "Well, if I can avoid looking like an idiot, I'll do that. But if something happens and I look like an idiot then okay, so be it."

We can never predict what other people will think or what they will say behind our back. Maybe it will be good, maybe not. At some point we have to let go and say to ourselves, "Well, that's okay."

Now I've also started thinking, "If I do something stupid and people think poorly of me, that's okay. I do have faults and make mistakes, so it's no wonder if others notice them. But if I can acknowledge my mistakes and rectify them as much as possible, then I have fulfilled my responsibility and surely others don't hold my mistake against me."

by Thubten Chodron

Not Ready Made

Happiness is not something ready made. It comes from your own actions.

by Dalai Lama

Digging In the Dung

When I was a schoolteacher, my attention was drawn to the student in my class of thirty who came bottom in the end-of-year exams. I could see that he was depressed as a result of his performance, so I took him aside.

I said to him: 'Someone has to come thirtieth in a class of thirty. This year, it happens to be you who has made the heroic sacrifice, so that none of your friends have to suffer the ignominy of being bottom of the class. You are so kind, so compassionate. You deserve a medal.'

We both knew that what I was saying was ridiculous, but he grinned. He didn't take it as such an end-of-the-world event any more.

He did much better the next year, when it was someone else's turn to make the heroic sacrifice.

Unpleasant things, like coming bottom of our class, happen in life. They happen to everyone. The only difference between a happy person and one who gets depressed is how they respond to disasters.

Imagine you have just had a wonderful afternoon at the beach with a friend. When you return home, you find a huge truckload of dung has been dumped right in front of your door. There are three things to know about this truckload of dung:

1. You did not order it. It's not your fault.
2. You're stuck with it. No one saw who dumped it, so you cannot call anyone to take it away.
3. It is filthy and offensive, and its stench fills your whole house. It is almost impossible to endure.

In this metaphor, the truckload of dung in front of the house stands for the traumatic experiences that are dumped on us in life. As with the truckload of dung, there are three things to know about tragedy in our life:

1. We did not order it. We say 'Why me?'
2. We're stuck with it. No one, not even our best friends, can take it away (though they may try).
3. It is so awful, such a destroyer of our happiness, and its pain fills our whole life. It is almost impossible to endure.

There are two ways of responding to being stuck with a truckload of dung. The first way is to carry the dung around with us. We put some in our pockets, some in our bags, and some up our shirts. We even put some down our pants. We find when we carry dung around, we lose a lot of friends! Even best friends don't seem to be around so often.

'Carrying around the dung' is a metaphor for sinking into depression, negativity, or anger. It is a natural and understandable response to adversity. But we lose a lot of friends, because it is also natural and understandable that our friends don't like being around us when we're so depressed. Moreover, the pile of dung gets no less, but the smell gets worse as it ripens.

Fortunately, there's a second way. When we are dumped with a truckload of dung, we heave a sigh, and then get down to work. Out come the wheelbarrow, the fork, and the spade. We fork the dung into the barrow, wheel it around the back of the house, and dig it into the garden. This is tiring and difficult work, but we know there's no other option. Sometimes, all we can manage is half a barrow a day. We're doing something about the problem, rather than complaining our way into depression. Day after day we dig in the dung. Day after day, the pile gets smaller. Sometimes it takes several years, but the morning does come when we see that the dung in front of our house is all gone. Furthermore, a miracle has happened in another part of our house. The flowers in our garden are bursting out in a richness of colour all over the place. Their fragrance wafts down the street so that the neighbours, and even passers-by, smile in delight. Then the fruit tree in the corner is nearly falling over, it's so heavy with fruit. And the fruit is so sweet; you can't buy anything like it. There's so much of it that we are able to share it with our neighbours. Even passers-by get a delicious taste of the miracle fruit.

'Digging in the dung' is a metaphor for welcoming the tragedies as fertilizer for life. It is work that we have to do alone: no one can help us here. But by digging it into the garden of our heart, day by day, the pile of pain gets less. It may take us several years, but the morning does come when we see no more pain in our life and, in our heart, a miracle has happened. Flowers of kindness are bursting out all over the place, and the fragrance of love wafts way down our street, to our neighbours, to our relations, and even to passers-by. Then our wisdom tree in the corner is bending down to us, loaded with sweet insights into the nature of life. We share those delicious fruits freely, even with the passers-by, without ever planning to.

When we have known tragic pain, learnt its lesson, and grown our garden, then we can put our arms around another in deep tragedy and say, softly, 'I know.' They realize we do understand. Compassion begins. We show them the wheelbarrow, the fork, and the spade, and boundless encouragement. If we haven't grown our own garden yet, this can't be done.

I have known many monks who are skilled in meditation, who are peaceful, composed and serene in adversity. But only a few have become great teachers. I often wondered why.

It seems to me now that those monks who had a relatively easy time of it, who had little dung to dig in, were the ones who didn't become teachers. It was the monks who had the enormous difficulties, dug them in quietly, and came through with a rich garden that became great teachers. They all had wisdom, serenity and compassion; but those with more dung had more to share with the world. My teacher, Ajahn Chah, who for me was the pinnacle of all teachers, must have had a whole trucking company line up with their dung at his door, in his early life.

Perhaps the moral of this story is that if you want to be of service to the world, if you wish to follow the path of compassion, then the next time a tragedy occurs in your life, you may say, 'Whoopee! More fertilizer for my garden!'

by Ajahn Brahm

The Sky Remains Unchanged

Just let go and relax. You don't have to block whatever thoughts, emotions, or sensations arise, but neither do you have to follow them.

Just rest in the open present, simply allowing whatever happens to occur. If thoughts or emotions come up, just allow yourself to be aware of them. Objectless shinay meditation doesn't mean just letting your mind wander aimlessly among fantasies, memories, or daydreams. There's still some presence of mind that may loosely be described as a center of awareness. You may not be fixating on anything in particular, but you're still aware, still present to what's happening in the here and now.

When we meditate in this objectless state, we're actually resting the mind in its natural clarity, entirely indifferent to the passage of thoughts and emotions. This natural clarity--which is beyond any dualistic grasping of subject and object--is always present for us in the same way that space is always present.

In a sense, objectless meditation is like accepting whatever clouds and mist might obscure the sky while recognizing that the sky itself remains unchanged even when it is obscured.

by Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche

Dealing With Anxiety

The real issue is not what is happening outside, but what is happening inside of us.

How we experience a situation depends on how we view it -- how we interpret what is happening, how we describe the situation to ourselves.

Thus the Buddha said that all of our experiences of happiness and suffering don't come from other people or other things, but from our own minds.

By Thubten Chodron

般若心经

观自在菩萨.行深般若波罗蜜多时.照见五蕴皆空.度一切苦厄.舍利子.色不异空.空不异色.色即是空.空即是色.受想行识.亦复如是.舍利子.是诸法空相.不生不灭.不垢不净.不增不减.是故空中无色.无受想行识.无眼耳鼻舌身意.无色声香味触法.无眼界.乃至无意识界.无无明.亦无无明尽.乃至无老死.亦无老死尽.无苦集灭道.无智亦无得.以无所得故.菩提萨埵.依般若波罗蜜多故.心无挂碍.无挂碍故.无有恐怖.远离颠倒梦想.究竟涅盘.三世诸佛.依般若波罗蜜多故.得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提. 故知般若波罗蜜多.是大神咒.是大明咒.是无上咒.是无等等咒.能除一切苦.真实不虚.故说般若波罗蜜多咒.即说咒曰.揭谛揭谛.波罗揭谛.波罗僧揭谛.菩提萨婆诃.

The Four Noble Truths

1) The truth of suffering. (Dukkha)
2) The truth of the cause of suffering. (Samudaya)
3) The truth of the end of suffering. (Nirhodha)
4) The truth of the path that frees us from suffering. (Magga)

1) The Truth of Suffering
The First Noble Truth often is translated as "Life is suffering."

Many people new to Buddhism tune out as soon as they hear this. But the Pali word dukkha also refers to anything that is temporary, conditional, or compounded of other things. Even something precious and enjoyable is dukkha, because it will end.

Related to the nature of life is the nature of self.

Are we not also temporary, conditional and compounded of many parts?

We can understand that life is impermanent but are we, also, impermanent?

The Buddha taught that before we can understand life and death we must understand the self.

2) The Truth of the Cause of Suffering
The Second Noble Truth teaches that the cause of suffering is craving or thirst (Tanha).

We continually search for something outside ourselves to make us happy. But no matter how successful we are, we never remain satisfied.

The Buddha taught that this thirst grows from ignorance of the self.

We go through life grabbing one thing after another to get a sense of security about ourselves.

We attach not only to physical things, but also to ideas and opinions about ourselves and the world around us.

Then we grow frustrated when the world doesn't behave the way we think it should and our lives don't conform to our expectations.

The Buddha's teachings on karma and rebirth are closely related to the Second Noble Truth.

3) The Truth of the End of Suffering
The Buddha's teachings on the Four Noble Truths are sometimes compared to a physician diagnosing an illness and prescribing a treatment.

The first truth tells us what the illness is, and the second truth tells us what causes the illness. The third noble truth holds out hope for a cure.

The Buddha taught that through diligent practice, we can put an end to craving. Ending the hamster-wheel chase after satisfaction is enlightenment (Bodhi, "Awakened"). The enlightened being exists in a state called Nirvana.

4) The Truth of the Path That Frees Us From Suffering
Here the Buddha as physician prescribes the treatment for our illness: The Eightfold Path.

Unlike in many other religions, in Buddhism there is no particular benefit to merely believing in a doctrine.

Instead, the emphasis is on living the doctrine and walking the path.